Narration Rules with Examples in English and Hindi

Introduction:
Narration, जिसे हम "Direct and Indirect Speech" भी कहते हैं, English Grammar का बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा है। यह हमें किसी व्यक्ति के द्वारा कहे गए शब्दों को दो तरीकों से व्यक्त करने की विधि बताता है: Direct Speech और Indirect Speech।

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What is Narration?

Narration means reporting the words of a speaker. There are two types:

1. Direct Speech (प्रत्यक्ष वचन) – Speaker के शब्दों को ज्यों का त्यों, quotation marks (") में लिखा जाता है।
2. Indirect Speech (अप्रत्यक्ष वचन) – Speaker के शब्दों को अपने शब्दों में, अर्थ को बदलकर बताया जाता है।

Examples:

• Direct: He said, "I am going to school."
• Indirect: He said that he was going to school.

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Rules for Changing Direct to Indirect Speech:

1. Change in Pronouns (सर्वनाम में परिवर्तन):

Pronouns are changed according to the subject and object.

Example:

• Direct: She said, "I am happy."
• Indirect: She said that she was happy.

2. Change in Tense (काल परिवर्तन):

अगर reporting verb (said, told) past tense में है, तो reported speech का tense भी बदलता है:

Example:

• Direct: He said, "I play football."
• Indirect: He said that he played football.

3. Change in Time & Place words (समय और स्थान):

Example:

• Direct: She said, "I will do it tomorrow."
• Indirect: She said that she would do it the next day.

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Rules Based on Sentence Types

A. Assertive Sentences (साधारण वाक्य):

• Reporting verb: said, told
• Connector: that

Example:

• Direct: He said, "I am tired."
• Indirect: He said that he was tired.

B. Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य):

• Reporting verb: asked, inquired
• Connector: if/whether (for yes-no questions), question word (what, why, etc.)

Example:

• Direct: He said, "Do you like tea?"
• Indirect: He asked if I liked tea.

C. Imperative Sentences (आज्ञा/अनुरोध):

• Reporting verb: told, ordered, requested, advised
• Connector: to / not to

Example:

• Direct: She said, "Please help me."
• Indirect: She requested me to help her.

D. Exclamatory Sentences (आश्चर्यवाचक):

• Reporting verb: exclaimed, wished, cried, shouted, etc.
• Connector: that

Example:

• Direct: He said, "What a beautiful day!"
• Indirect: He exclaimed that it was a beautiful day.

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Important Notes:

• Universal truths का tense नहीं बदलता:

  • Direct: The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east."
  • Indirect: The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

• ‘Said to’ becomes: told (if there is an object)

  • He said to me → He told me

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Common Verbs used in Indirect Speech:

• said → told
• said to → told
• asked → asked/inquired
• replied → replied
• exclaimed → exclaimed
• advised → advised
• ordered → ordered
• requested → requested

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Examples for Practice:

1. Direct: She said, "I am cooking dinner." Indirect: She said that she was cooking dinner.

2. Direct: He said, "I went to Delhi yesterday." Indirect: He said that he had gone to Delhi the day before.

3. Direct: Rahul said to me, "Do you know the answer?" Indirect: Rahul asked me if I knew the answer.

4. Direct: The teacher said, "Be quiet." Indirect: The teacher told us to be quiet.

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PAA (People Also Ask) Section:

Q1: What is narration in English grammar?
A: Narration is the way of reporting the words spoken by a person. It includes direct and indirect speech.

Q2: How many types of narration are there?
A: Two types: Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.

Q3: What are the rules of changing narration?
A: Change in pronouns, tenses, time/place words, and sentence structure.

Q4: Which helping verbs change in indirect speech?
A: Will → Would, Can → Could, Shall → Should, etc.

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Conclusion:
Narration के नियमों को ध्यान से पढ़कर और अभ्यास करके आप आसानी से किसी भी sentence को Direct से Indirect या Indirect से Direct में बदल सकते हैं। यह न केवल Board Exams के लिए बल्कि Spoken English के लिए भी बहुत फायदेमंद है।